Titanium Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V) – UNS R56400
High-strength alpha-beta titanium alloy
Alpha-beta alloy with 6% Al and 4% V, the most used titanium alloy in the world. It combines a tensile strength ≥ 895 MPa with a density of 4.43 g/cm³ and good corrosion and fatigue resistance. It can be used annealed or solution treated and aged (STA); the ELI version (Gr 23) is the reference for implants.
Designations and equivalents
| System | Designation |
|---|---|
| UNS | R56400 (ELI: R56401) |
| W.Nr./EN | 3.7164 / 3.7165 (TiAl6V4) |
| DIN | TiAl6V4 |
| JIS | JIS H 4650 Class 60 (Ti-6Al-4V) |
| Trade names | Ti 6-4, Ti64, Ti-6Al-4V |
| Others | GB TC4; BS 2TA10-13 / TA28; AMS 4928 / 4911 |
Standards by product form
| Form | Standard |
|---|---|
| Bar | ASTM B348 Gr 5 / AMS 4928 |
| Plate | ASTM B265 Gr 5 / AMS 4911 |
| Forging | ASTM B381 F-5 / AMS 4928 |
| Tube | ASTM B861 Gr 5 |
| Wire | ASTM B863 Gr 5 |
| Implant | ASTM F1472 (Gr 5) / F136 (ELI) |
Tolerances and HS codes
- Forged bars (round and square): machining allowance from 2 mm (Ø 6–16 mm) to 24 mm (Ø 400–500 mm) on the diameter. E.g. Ø 100–125 mm finished: +7 mm, tolerance +6 / −0 (length up to 3,500 mm).
- Forged discs: allowance of 4 to 9 mm on the diameter and 3 to 11 mm on the height, plus-only tolerance.
- Cutting and machining: band saw −0 / +5 to +15 mm on length; waterjet +10 % of thickness on the diameter (min. 2 mm); machined parts −0 / +2 to +5 mm on the diameter. See the full tables (INF 002 and INF 003, the same for every alloy).
| Form | NCM (Brazil, 8 digits) | HS (international, 6 digits) | HTS (USA, 10 digits)* | CN (European Union, 8 digits)* |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Forged bar | 8108.90.00 | 8108.90 | 8108.90.6031 | 8108 90 30 |
| Hot-rolled bar | 8108.90.00 | 8108.90 | 8108.90.6031 | 8108 90 30 |
| Plate (> 10 mm, width ≥ 600 mm) | 8108.90.00 | 8108.90 | 8108.90.6045 | 8108 90 50 |
| Seamless pipe | 8108.90.00 | 8108.90 | 8108.90.6060 | 8108 90 60 |
| Welded pipe | 8108.90.00 | 8108.90 | 8108.90.6060 | 8108 90 60 |
| Flange and fitting | 8108.90.00 | 8108.90 | 8108.90.3060 | 8108 90 90 |
Tariff class: titanium (by chemical composition, under the Chapter 72 Notes and Section XV Note 5).
*: US and EU codes for reference. NCM per current legislation (General Rules of Interpretation, Notes to Chapters 72, 74 and 75 and Section XV Note 5). Confirm the final code with your customs broker according to the item size and finish. HS = first 6 digits of the NCM.
Chemical composition (%)
ASTM B348 Gr 5 (% by mass)
| Element | Range (%) |
|---|---|
| Al | 5.50 – 6.75 |
| V | 3.5 – 4.5 |
| Fe | ≤ 0.40 |
| O | ≤ 0.20 |
| C | ≤ 0.08 |
| N | ≤ 0.05 |
| H | ≤ 0.015 |
| Y | ≤ 0.005 |
| Residuals (each / total) | ≤ 0.10 / ≤ 0.40 |
| Ti | balance |
Mechanical properties
annealed (ASTM B348, room temperature)
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Yield strength (0.2%) | ≥ 828 MPa |
| Tensile strength | ≥ 895 MPa |
| Elongation (4D) | ≥ 10% |
| Reduction of area | ≥ 25% |
| Hardness | ≈ 334 HB / 36 HRC (typical) |
| STA condition | tensile ≈ 1,000 – 1,170 MPa (typical, thin sections) |
Typical physical properties
| Property | Value |
|---|---|
| Density | 4.43 g/cm³ |
| Melting range | 1,604 – 1,660 °C |
| Modulus of elasticity | ≈ 114 GPa |
| Thermal conductivity (20 °C) | ≈ 6.7 W/m·K |
| Thermal expansion (20–100 °C) | ≈ 8.6 µm/m·K |
| Beta transus | ≈ 980 – 995 °C |
Heat treatment, welding and machining
| Item | Usual practice |
|---|---|
| Service temperature | Usual structural use up to ~400 °C; useful creep resistance up to ~300 – 350 °C. ELI version preferred for cryogenic service. |
| Heat treatment | Mill annealing 705 – 790 °C, 1 – 4 h, air. Stress relief 480 – 650 °C, 1 – 4 h. STA: solution treatment 900 – 955 °C (below the beta transus), water quench, aging 480 – 595 °C for 4 – 8 h, air. |
| Welding | Weldable by TIG, plasma, laser and electron beam with AWS A5.16 ERTi-5 or ERTi-23 (ELI, better bead toughness). Same rigorous gas shielding as CP Ti; post-weld stress relief (≈ 540 – 650 °C) recommended on critical parts. Bead ductility is lower than that of the base metal. |
| Machining | Difficult: low conductivity concentrates heat at the cutting edge; use sharp carbide, low cutting speed, constant feed and high-pressure coolant. |
Typical applications
- Aircraft structures, fasteners and landing gear
- Compressor discs and blades (cold stages)
- Orthopedic and dental implants (ELI, ASTM F136)
- Risers, stress joints and offshore drilling components
- Racing connecting rods, valves and fasteners
- Pump and valve shafts and components in corrosive media
- Additive manufacturing (Ti64 powder)
Alternatives: Gr 23 (ELI) for implants, fatigue and cryogenics; Gr 9 (Ti-3Al-2.5V) when cold forming and tube welding are needed; Gr 2 when corrosion dominates and mechanical strength is secondary; Gr 29 (Ti-6Al-4V-Ru) for severe corrosion in oil and gas.
Titanium Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V): complete guide
What titanium Grade 5 is
Grade 5 belongs to the family of titanium and its alloys, in the alpha-beta group. Aluminum stabilizes the hexagonal alpha phase and hardens the alloy by solid solution; vanadium stabilizes the cubic beta phase and makes the alloy heat treatable and forgeable. The result is about 90% titanium with nearly three times the strength of Grade 2, with the same lightness and corrosion resistance.
Heat treatment and forming
Annealing is done at 705 – 790 °C and stress relief at 480 – 650 °C; solution treatment at 900 – 955 °C followed by water quenching and aging at 480 – 595 °C gives the high-strength STA condition. Machining requires low speed, continuous feed, a rigid tool and abundant coolant.
Corrosion, biocompatibility and limits of use
Corrosion resistance is similar to CP titanium in seawater, chlorides, oxidizing media and organic acids, slightly lower in reducing acids and hot crevices. The alloy does not resist hydrofluoric acid, hot reducing acids, dry chlorine or anhydrous methanol. Under continuous load, use goes up to about 350 to 400 °C.
Applications
Aircraft engine structures and components, high-strength fasteners and shafts, riser and offshore equipment components, highly loaded seawater valves and pumps, high-performance sporting goods, racing automotive components, and implants and surgical instruments in the ELI version.
Supply forms and Dustre services
Round bars cut to size on a band saw, with rough or finish machining and hardness and tensile testing. All material is supplied with a 3.1 inspection certificate and heat traceability.
Frequently asked questions
What is the chemical composition of Titanium Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V)?
Per ASTM B348 Gr 5 (% by mass): Al 5.50 – 6.75; V 3.5 – 4.5; Fe ≤ 0.40; O ≤ 0.20; C ≤ 0.08; N ≤ 0.05.
Which standards cover Titanium Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V)?
Bar: ASTM B348 Gr 5 / AMS 4928. Plate: ASTM B265 Gr 5 / AMS 4911. Forging: ASTM B381 F-5 / AMS 4928. Tube: ASTM B861 Gr 5. Wire: ASTM B863 Gr 5. Implant: ASTM F1472 (Gr 5) / F136 (ELI).
Up to what temperature can Titanium Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V) be used?
Usual structural use up to ~400 °C; useful creep resistance up to ~300 – 350 °C. ELI version preferred for cryogenic service.
Which materials can replace Titanium Grade 5 (Ti-6Al-4V)?
Gr 23 (ELI) for implants, fatigue and cryogenics; Gr 9 (Ti-3Al-2.5V) when cold forming and tube welding are needed; Gr 2 when corrosion dominates and mechanical strength is secondary; Gr 29 (Ti-6Al-4V-Ru) for severe corrosion in oil and gas.
